Brakes offer a way to slow the momentum of a vehicle for better control
and safety on the road. A brake system uses the hydraulic advantage to
apply force to a friction material that generates heat. A moving
vehicle has kinetic energy. Brakes convert kinetic energy into heat
energy.
There are two types of brakes:
Disc brakes: Disc brakes have a rotor (disc) for each wheel and brake pads are the friction material. A brake caliper applies force to a brake pad, which presses it against the rotor when it is applied. This generates heat and stops the vehicle.
Drum brakes: Drum brakes are shaped like a drum and brake shoes are the friction material. A wheel cylinder applies pressure to a brake shoe with a friction lining.
The main
differences are the shapes of the brakes and their friction material.
Friction material provides the buffer that prevents metal from grinding
when the brakes are applied. It can withstand the heat that is
generated, although it wears out over time and has to be replaced many
times throughout the life of the vehicle.
anti-lock brakes (ABS)
Anti-lock brakes have complex electrical and hydraulic components which
are used to avoid skidding wheels in a panic stop or in poor traction
condition. The anti-lock brakes (ABS) use signals from each wheel speed
sensor to determine if one wheel is
stopping faster than any of the others. If this occurs, the ABS control
module (a computer) will signal the ABS hydraulic control unit to isolate
that wheel, release brake pressure, and then pulsates the brake pressure to
maintain equal speeds for all four wheels. This helps avoid skidding and
maintains maneuverability during a panic stop.
How to Check the Brake System:
The brake system is often checked by the mechanic during routine oil
changes and maintenance. However, it can also be checked at home. Consult
the service manual of the specific make and model about checking the brakes
and finding the locations of each part of the brake system.
